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Malik caste
== History and origin ==
It is asserted that Qutb Shah and six of his sons accompanied and assisted Mahmud of Ghazni in his early eleventh century conquests of what today forms parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. It is claimed that in recognition of their services and valour, Mahmud of Ghazni bestowed upon Qutb Shah and his sons (who, according to tribal traditions, settled primarily in the Salt Range) the title of Malik, meaning "King" or "Chief".
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from Hinduism. Qutb Shah’s sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of the North West Frontier Province; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar, Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh, Chauhan colonized the hills close to the Indus, Mohammad Shah or Khokhar, settled by the Chenab, and Tori and Jhajh settled in Tirah.Their descendants came to heavily populate these regions, There are a number of Awan sub-clans that trace their origins to these six individuals, give their names to various localities such as Golera in Rawalpindi, Khewra in Jhelum, Banjara in Sialkot and Jand in Attock. Some of Qutub Shah’s sons are supposed to have assumed names that reflected the Hindu heritage of their mothers and these sub-clans trace their origins to these particular individuals, bear the names of their eponyms.. There are a number of different traditions as to the origin of this community. Early British scholars were of the opinion that they were of aboriginal extraction, probably descended from the earliest human settlers of North West India.The Malik clan have a strong martial tradition and are renowned for their bravery and war capabilities, they are considered as one of the finest martial breed among different influential Punjabi tribes, They were prominent in the armies of the Slave Dynasty and the Khilji dynasty, they also had prominent military positions during the Mughal era and were one the most preferable choices for soldiers of British empire during their years in India. There are many theories presented as to the associations, influences and ties of Awan tribe with the Scythians and Aryans, some even predate to the era of invasion of Alexander the Great.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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